2.2. Clients¶

Clients constitute the frontend interfaces that serve actual users.

2.2.1. Registrar interface¶

This interface provides only a single service to the registrars.

2.2.1.1. EPP service¶

This service negotiates communication between registrars and the Registry by means of the EPP protocol which was designed for creation and administration of registrable objects.

The mod-eppd module translates the incoming requests in XML into remote CORBA calls (supported by the mod-corba module) and then translates their results back to the outgoing responses in XML. The structure of the XML documents is formally described in XML schemas and can be validated.

The communication is secured with the SSL using the mod-ssl Apache module. Transportation is provided by the TCP/IP protocols.

The service is built on a web server engine (Apache). It has its own configuration in the Apache config. syntax.

2.2.2. Administration interface¶

This interface provides the web service and command-line utilities for Registry administration.

2.2.2.1. WebAdmin service (Daphne)¶

This service provides web access to Registry administration. It can be used by the Registry customer service for manual administrative tasks.

This component is coded in Python using the CherryPy framework which provides a self-contained web server.

The service has its own configuration file.

2.2.2.2. WebAdmin service (Ferda)¶

Ferda is a new and enhanced web administration interface and tool for FRED and it is expected to replace the Daphne webadmin in the future.

Ferda is meant mainly for helpdesk workers who can use it to view and manage registrars and objects within the FRED system. You can see registrar and object details, the entire object history, e-mails, letters and SMS messages, passwords, etc.

The current set of features is listed in Ferda webadmin features.

It is coded in Python using the Django web framework and distributed via Docker images. The service has its own database and configuration file (although the configuration is mostly done by setting .env variables while running the docker container).

2.2.2.3. Genzone client¶

The genzone client is a command-line application functioning as the client counterpart of the GenZone server. It is used to request and receive data to generate the actual zone file.

The client has its own configuration file.

2.2.2.4. Transproc¶

This Python script is used to download and analyze transcripts of bank transactions or simple payments. It parses a downloaded transcript, whose format is specific to each bank, using a processor (configurable script), transforms it into an internal XML format and calls pain to save this data into the PAIN database.

The script has its own configuration file.

2.2.2.5. Fred-admin¶

This command-line application is used mainly (but not only) for automated administration tasks, such as keeping object states up to date, cancelling expired domains, deleting unused objects, generating notifications and billing registrars. Refer to fred-admin --help for all available commands.

This program shares configuration with C++ daemons.

2.2.2.6. Fred-akm¶

This command-line application implements the processing logic of Automated keyset management and is used to perform the periodic task. Refer to fred-akm --help for all available commands.

The program has its own configuration file.

The program uses a local SQLite database to store internal intermediary data (scan state) between runs.

2.2.2.7. CDNSKEY scanner¶

This command-line utility is used during automated management of keysets to scan specified name servers for requests to update DNSSEC keys of specified domains. The utility spreads queries over a specified run time to avoid overloading the DNS infrastructure and distributes queries per name server.

The utility is implemented with the getdns and libevent APIs.

Neither a configuration file nor database access are required. The scanner reads from STDIN and writes to STDOUT.

2.2.2.8. PAIN utility & admin service¶

This utility collects and parses payments, and saves them to an independent database. It is based on Django.

The utility allows to pair processed payments with a registrar credit account and invoices in FRED, either automatically or manually using the Django admin interface.

The fred-pain module connects this independent utility to FRED over CORBA.

2.2.3. Public interface¶

This interface provides information services to the public.

2.2.3.1. Unix whois service¶

This service implements the WHOIS protocol as described in RFC 3912. The protocol allows to query the Registry about registrable objects.

The mod-whoisd module translates incoming WHOIS requests into remote CORBA calls (supported by the mod-corba module) and then translates their results back to outgoing WHOIS responses.

Each response contains the link to the web whois service site which can be used to win full information about domain owners and administrative contacts.

The unix whois service allows to query even ENUM domains, although these responses do not contain the link to the web whois because the rules of information disclosure that apply to ENUM domains are different from those of common domains.

The service is built on a web server engine (Apache). It has its own configuration in the Apache config. syntax.

2.2.3.2. Web whois service¶

This service allows to browse the database of the Registry. It allows to search in domains, contacts, name server sets and DNS key sets. The web site is protected against data mining with CAPTCHA.

This service does not allow to browse information about ENUM domains.

It is based on Django.

2.2.3.3. RDAP service¶

This service processes queries sent via the HTTP protocol using the REST API. If the query is successful, the response contains JSON-formatted data.

It is based on Django.